Are Standard Candles So Standard After All?

Abstract

The preprint of Son et al titled “it Strong Progenitor Age-bias in Supernova Cosmology. II. Alignment with DESI BAO and Signs of a Non-Accelerating Universe” claims the standard candle assumption for supernovas fails. There is correlation with the peak luminosity and the age of the galaxy where the supernova resides. The conclusion is that the cosmic expansion, although it has been accelerating, is not accelerating anymore and might be even decelerating. Therefore there is no need for dark energy or at least that the cosmological constant is decreasing now. Why would the progenitors in young galaxies have a lower peak luminosity than in old galaxies? Standard candles are typically white dwarfs, which are dead and do not shine anymore. The TGD view of the formation of galaxies, of stars and stellar evolution differs dramatically from the standard narrative view and has strong analogies with biology. In particular, stars would be metabolizing entities and galactic black holes would provide the metabolic energy feed as M₈₉ hadrons, which would arrive at the star along magnetic monopole flux tubes and decay to ordinary hadrons at its surface. Part of the nuclei would give rise to solar wind and part would remain at the surface of the star sink downwards forming a layer in which also "cold fusion" could occur as dark fusion and produce energy and heavier nuclei. The star would die as this feed stops and become a white dwarf. Death could occur at any age. In young galaxies the white dwarfs would be necessarily younger than in old galaxies. In older galaxies the stars would have gathered more ordinary nuclei at their surface and the peak intensity of the supernova would be larger for them.