A Dynamical Key to the Riemann Hypothesis: Part II

Abstract

We investigate a dynamical basis for the Riemann hypothesis (RH) that the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function lie on the critical line x = ½. In the process we graphically explore, in as rich a way as possible, the diversity of zeta and L-functions, to look for examples at the boundary between those with zeros on the critical line and otherwise. The approach provides a dynamical basis for why the various forms of zeta and L-function have their non-trivial zeros on the critical line. It suggests RH is an additional unprovable postulate of the number system, similar to the axiom of choice, arising from the asymptotic behavior of the primes as n→∞. Part II of this Article includes: Functions with Functional Equations but no Euler Product; A Central Showcase: Modular Forms Meeting Elliptic Functions; Seeking Examples with Product Formulae; Dynamically Manipulating the Non-trivial Zeros in and out of the ‘Forbidden Zone’; Finding Coefficient Paths with On-Critical Zeros; Conclusion; Appendix 1: Mediants and Mode-Locking; Appendix 2: Finite Fields and Square Roots of -1; Appendix 3: Derivation of Davenport Heilbronn; Appendix 4: A Comparison of Computational Methods; and Appendix 5: Useful Sage and PARI-GP Commands.